Group 1

(Akhmad Ivan Fathoni, Suirman, Hasan Zainuddin, Eni hasnaul faiq)

• STYLE AND STRATEGIES

                Theories of Learning, Gagne’s “types” of learning transfer processes, and aptitude and intelligence models are all attempts to describe universal humans traits in learning. They explain how people perceive, filter, store, and recall information. In teaching and learning there are some concepts, like process, style, and strategy as the terms are used in the literature on second language.

1.      1. Process

Process is the most general of the three concepts. All human beings engage in certain universal processes. Everyone has some degree of aptitude for learning a second language that may be describe by specified verbal learning processes. Process is characteristic of every human being.

2.       2.Style

Style is a term that refers to consistent and rather enduring tendencies of preferences within an individual Style are those general characteristics of intellectual functioning  (and personality type, as well) that pertain to you as an individual, and that differentiate you from someone else.

3.       3.Strategies

Strategies are specific methods of approaching a problem or task, modes of operation for achieving a particular end, planned designs for controlling and manipulating certain information. Each of us has a number of possible options for solving a particular problem, and we choose one or several in sequence for a given “problem” in learning a second language.

• LEARNING STYLE

With style that tends to be generally tolerant of ambiguity. The way we learn things in general and the way we attack a problem seem to hinge on a rather amorphous link between personality and cognition, this link is referred to as cognitive style. When cognitive styles are specifically related to an educational context, where affective and physiological factors are intermingled, they are usually more generally referred to as learning style. Ehrman and Leaver (2003) researched the relevance of nine such styles to second language acquisition:

1.       Field independence-dependence

2.       Random vs, sequinteal

3.       Global vs deductive

4.       Synthetic vs analytic

5.       Analogue vs diital

6.       Inductive vs deductine

7.       Concrete vs abstract

8.       Leveling vs sharpening

9.       Impulsive vs reflective.